A claim states an idea; evidence helps check it. Controlled conditions and repeats can strengthen evidence. A contrary case can refute a universal claim without settling every narrower question. Safety: Paper analysis only; do not translate the example into heavy-load testing. Stop: End after the revised claim and one proposed question. No real bridge test or plant-growth experiment is required.

Materials: Paper; Pencil; Two colouring pencils 1. Write this illustrative claim: Folding any paper bridge always makes it hold one wooden pencil over a 10 cm gap. Underline always, because that makes the claim very broad. 2. Copy these invented evidence cards. A: one folded sheet held once; flat paper was not tested. B: same paper type and gap, flat held 0 of 3 trials, accordion held 3 of 3; equal overlap and same central pencil. C: a thin folded sheet touched the floor in all 3 trials at the same gap and load. 3. Make a table Card | Supports what? | Limit | Supports or challenges always? Compare A and B for strength. Explain why a photograph of a pretty bridge would not replace load-test records. 4. Use C to check the word always. Then rewrite the claim so it fits B without ignoring C. Keep the sheet type, folds, gap and load in the revised scope. 5. Write one useful follow-up question about materials or folding, with the control you would need. Label the follow-up planned, not performed. Done: The learner separates claim and evidence, compares evidence strength and uses a contrary case to limit the claim. Proof: Keep the cards, table and revised claim. Label the data invented and note adult reading or reasoning prompts. Stop: End after the revised claim and one proposed question. No real bridge test or plant-growth experiment is required.