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MathematicsAddition & SubtractionAges 9–12

Fluent addition and subtraction (age 9+)

Fluently add and subtract whole numbers with more than four digits using the standard columnar algorithm

Lesson

Set out your lesson

Extend column addition and subtraction to five and six digits, including three addends and exchanges through zeros.

Before teaching

Use this short check, then start teaching.

Activity

Use the earlier four-digit lesson first. Ask the learner to align 23,406 and 7,582 with ones together, and identify 10 ten-thousands as 100,000. Stop for place-value support if this is unclear; no timed test is required.

Policy

Check readiness directly. Prerequisite availability is not attainment.

Printer, credit, and teaching notes

Check readiness directly. Prerequisite availability is not attainment.

Start with the readiness check. Use Show, then Guided, then a fresh Try. These linked lessons may need several short sessions; do not impose a speed target. Read the active sheet on screen and answer on plain paper or by typing. No printer, cutting, purchase or internet is needed. The adult may read the exact prompt. Record any hints, scribing or calculation help. Oral explanations are allowed but do not show independent reading or handwriting. Use as much space and time as needed; pause or split the lesson. Keep this adult guide and all keys private. Share only the active learner sheet. Before Try, put Show, Guided work and notes aside. Keep the fresh Try givens available. Give no answer or target method during the first attempt. If help is needed, give it and mark the attempt supported. Review the key after the attempt. Record the actual response and help; do not invent success or infer mastery from one attempt. These are fictional paper or oral mathematics tasks. No personal information, public sharing, purchase, physical experiment or real measurement is required.

Use the complete materials on screen or print only the current sheet. Keep adult guidance out of learner view.

Next: Show

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Teaching approaches

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1 approach

Selected Default Gakuva

Extend column addition and subtraction to five and six digits, including three addends and exchanges through zeros.

Extend column addition and subtraction to five and six digits, including three addends and exchanges through zeros.

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Learning resources

Extra practice links — they do not replace Gakuva’s teaching approach.

Illustrative Mathematics · Practice link — not the full lesson

Making a ten

Open practice (new tab)
Before you open · source notes

Making a ten supports fluent addition and subtraction. Not every multi-digit long subtraction.

Free, no sign-in. A teacher solution is on the same page, so use the student view with your child.

Before you open

Ask the learner to remake an addition as a ten-plus fact and finish it.

Opening this link does not save learning or assess mastery.

Source, access and review notes

Public Illustrative Mathematics task page. The .html address responds HTTP 308 to this URL. An anonymous GET of this URL on 2026-11-12 returned HTTP 200 with no login or payment prompt. Where a teacher solution is present, it is on the same page as the student task; this check did not find a separate locked student view. An adult can use the student view section and should not read a solution aloud. Advertising was not observed in the fetched HTML text; that is not a browser, device, or ad-free guarantee. This is a paper or discussion task, not an automatically marked interactive game. Opening the link does not save practice or assess mastery. Diagrams on the page use missing or filename-only alt text, so they are not an accessible image equivalent. Accessibility still depends on an adult describing the picture.

Illustrative Mathematics. “Making a ten.” Licensed CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. External task; Gakuva does not copy, host, embed, or redistribute it.

CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — link only

Check understanding

  • Calculate 34,567 + 28,945 using columnar addition
  • Calculate 500,000 − 234,178 using columnar subtraction with multiple exchanges
  • Add three five-digit numbers in a single column layout
“Can your child accurately add or subtract large numbers — like '23,846 + 14,579' — using the column method, carrying and borrowing correctly however many columns it takes?”

Curriculum record

Type
Procedural
Subject
Mathematics
Domain
Addition & Subtraction
Age range
Ages 9–12

Standards

ccss-math:4.NBT.4the-ontario-curriculum-mathematics-2020:ON-MATH-2020-G5-B2.4the-ontario-curriculum-mathematics-2020:ON-MATH-2020-G6-B2.4uk-nc-2013:Ma5/2.2a