Browse topics

Curriculum

Explore all 1,590 open curriculum concepts.

Advanced filters
ScienceWeather & ClimateAges 13–14

Net Zero & Energy Transition

Evaluate the energy transition required to reach net zero: renewable energy scaling, electrification of transport and heat, green hydrogen; describe carbon capture and storage (CCS) and direct air capture (DAC); introduce proposed solar radiation management techniques (stratospheric aerosol injection, marine cloud brightening) and their potential risks and governance challenges; critically evaluate the role of individual behaviour change versus systemic policy in reducing emissions

Lesson

Set out your lesson

“Net zero CO2 balances human CO2 emissions with human removals over a stated period. Avoiding emissions differs from removing atmospheric CO2. Other-gas claims need stated metrics. Energy changes need infrastructure, policy and choices. Proposed sunlight reflection would not remove CO2 or solve ocean acidification. Safety: No chemicals, electricity work, gas handling or intervention. No engineering, investment or family-spending advice. Stop: Stop after the paper recommendation. No hydrogen production, capture experiments, aerosol release, purchases, energy switching or political contacting.”

Bring to the table

  • Paper
  • Pencil
  • Ruler
Extra for the adult

Worked example. Initial emissions are 100 minus 25, 20, 10 and 15: 30 tonnes. Removing 5 leaves net 25 tonnes CO2. In the revision, emissions fall by another 20 to 10; removals rise by 5 to 10. Answer: net zero, because 10 emitted matches 10 removed inside the annual boundary.

Optional challenge. Explain why uncertain future removals cannot be counted as delivered reductions.

What to notice. Keep budgets and recommendation. Note calculation, reading or writing help. This is supplied-data reasoning, not an actual emissions audit.

Continue learning
Share and support
Compare teaching approaches

Teaching approaches

Gakuva’s recommended starting approach is selected. You can still compare every option.

1 approach

Selected Default Gakuva

Net zero CO2 balances human CO2 emissions with human removals over a stated period. Avoiding emissions differs from removing atmospheric CO2. Other-gas claims need stated metrics. Energy changes need infrastructure, policy and choices. Proposed sunlight reflection would not remove CO2 or solve ocean acidification. Safety: No chemicals, electricity work, gas handling or intervention. No engineering, investment or family-spending advice. Stop: Stop after the paper recommendation. No hydrogen production, capture experiments, aerosol release, purchases, energy switching or political contacting.

Materials: Paper; Pencil; Ruler 1. Copy this illustrative annual CO2 budget in tonnes: emissions 100; renewable electricity avoids 25; electric transport/heat avoids 20; renewable hydrogen avoids 10; facility carbon capture prevents 15; direct air capture with durable storage removes 5. Avoided amounts do not overlap; all savings and removals are net of lifecycle emissions. Calculate emissions remaining, then subtract removals. 2. Copy five cards: Renewables need grid balancing/storage. Electrification depends on electricity supply. Green hydrogen uses renewable electricity to split water industrially, with energy losses. Facility CCS captures and stores CO2 before release, usually avoiding emissions. DAC captures ambient CO2; durable storage and energy emissions matter. Label each avoiding emissions or removing CO2 as applicable. 3. Revise the fictional budget: avoid another 20 and remove another 5, with no overlap. Check whether emissions now equal removals. Label Arithmetic scenario, not a feasible town plan. 4. Compare proposed sunlight-reflection methods: stratospheric aerosol injection adds reflective particles high in air; marine cloud brightening aims to increase low ocean-cloud reflectivity. Record two concerns: uneven rainfall effects and cross-border governance/consent. Explain why neither balances CO2. 5. Write four recommendation sentences: one council infrastructure/policy action, one possible household action subject to cost/access, why deep emission cuts matter, and one objection or unresolved question. No family disclosure or behaviour change is required. Done: A checked initial and revised budget, five cards, a two-method risk comparison and four recommendation sentences are complete. Proof: Keep budgets and recommendation. Note calculation, reading or writing help. This is supplied-data reasoning, not an actual emissions audit. Stop: Stop after the paper recommendation. No hydrogen production, capture experiments, aerosol release, purchases, energy switching or political contacting.

Family records and proof options

Keep a record of your learning

Save photos, notes, and attendance. Export a proof packet for compliance or portfolio reviews.

Learning resources

Extra practice links — they do not replace Gakuva’s teaching approach.

PhET Interactive Simulations · Practice link — not the full lesson

Greenhouse Effect

Open practice (new tab)
Before you open · source notes

Greenhouse Effect supports hands-on exploration for Net Zero & Energy Transition. Not every lab worksheet.

Free interactive page, no sign-in required for the tested path.

Before you open

Ask the learner what they changed in the sim or page and what they observed.

Opening this link does not save learning or assess mastery.

Source, access and review notes

Public PhET Interactive Simulations page. An anonymous GET on 2026-11-12 returned HTTP 200 with no login or payment prompt for this URL. Opening the link does not save practice or assess mastery. An adult should preview and guide the learner.

PhET Interactive Simulations. “Greenhouse Effect.” External page; Gakuva does not copy, host, embed, or redistribute materials.

Unknown — link only

Check understanding

No checks listed

“Has your child heard of geoengineering? Can they describe one proposal for deliberately cooling the Earth and explain one potential risk of attempting it — and say whether they think individuals or governments bear more responsibility for tackling climate change?”

Curriculum record

Type
Conceptual
Subject
Science
Domain
Weather & Climate
Age range
Ages 13–14