Earth has connected systems. Geosphere means rock, soil, and land; hydrosphere means water, including ice and water vapour; biosphere means living things; atmosphere means the surrounding gases. These categories overlap in real places. Follow a transfer or effect, not just a list of labels. Safety: Paper model only. No outdoor collection or drinking of water samples. Stop: Stop after tracing one change through two links. Do not build a sealed ecosystem or collect water or soil.

Materials: Paper; Pencil; Four torn label cards 1. Draw a mountain at upper left, a cloud above it, a river running down to a pond, and a tree beside the pond. Add air around the whole scene. Label this a simplified place model, not a map of a real site. 2. Make four labels: geosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, atmosphere. Place each beside an example in your drawing. Mark the cloud as liquid drops or ice in air, not a cloud made only of invisible gas. 3. Draw and name four arrows: cloud to mountain Rain falls; mountain to river Water runs downhill and can carry sediment; river to tree Roots take up water; tree to air Water vapour leaves leaves. Say which systems meet at each arrow. 4. Add this fictional change: less rain arrives for several weeks. Use dashed arrows to show two possible linked effects, such as less river water and less water available to roots. Write could, not must, because stored water and other conditions matter. Done: Four system labels, four named transfer arrows, and two possible effects of reduced rainfall are shown. Proof: Keep the diagram and short change explanation. Note help identifying systems or supplying arrow labels. Stop: Stop after tracing one change through two links. Do not build a sealed ecosystem or collect water or soil.