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ScienceEcosystems & HabitatsAges 12–13

The Carbon Cycle

Describe the carbon cycle, tracing carbon through photosynthesis, respiration, feeding, decomposition, and combustion, and explain the role of each process

Lesson

Set out your lesson

“Carbon atoms are part of air, bodies, soil, oceans and fuels. Photosynthesis takes carbon dioxide from the air into plant material. Respiration releases carbon dioxide from organisms, including plants. Carbon cycles between stores; sunlight supplies energy but is not made of carbon atoms. Safety: No flames, fuels, smoke or decomposition samples. Stop: Stop after drawing two table routes. Do not burn, compost or break a real object.”

Bring to the table

  • Paper
  • Pencil
Extra for the adult

Worked example. I trace atmosphere CO2 → tree by photosynthesis → table wood by manufacture → dead wood consumed by decomposers → atmosphere through respiration. Carbon stays in wood while the table remains intact. The route shows possible transfers, not how fast every atom moves.

Optional challenge. Would a larger store always mean a faster transfer? Explain why store size and transfer rate differ. Adult key: A store is an amount; a transfer rate is an amount per unit time. One does not determine the other.

What to notice. Keep the labelled carbon map. Note adult help with process names or distinguishing carbon from energy.

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Teaching approaches

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1 approach

Selected Default Gakuva

Carbon atoms are part of air, bodies, soil, oceans and fuels. Photosynthesis takes carbon dioxide from the air into plant material. Respiration releases carbon dioxide from organisms, including plants. Carbon cycles between stores; sunlight supplies energy but is not made of carbon atoms. Safety: No flames, fuels, smoke or decomposition samples. Stop: Stop after drawing two table routes. Do not burn, compost or break a real object.

Materials: Paper; Pencil 1. Draw boxes for atmosphere CO2, tree, rabbit, dead material, decomposers and fossil fuel store. Put a large C on the page to stand for a traced carbon atom, not an entire carbon dioxide molecule. 2. Add atmosphere → tree labelled photosynthesis; tree → rabbit labelled feeding; tree and rabbit → dead material; dead material → decomposers labelled feeding/breakdown. Add tree, rabbit and decomposers → atmosphere labelled respiration. 3. Add fossil fuel store → atmosphere labelled combustion by people. Add dead material → long-term buried stores labelled some carbon, over long times. Do not imply that every fallen leaf becomes fossil fuel or immediately returns to air. 4. Trace a wooden table’s carbon: atmosphere → tree → wood in table. Draw two possible later routes: decay followed by decomposer respiration; or combustion → atmosphere. Write how fossil-fuel burning adds long-stored carbon and how forest removal can reduce uptake or release stored carbon. No burning is done. Done: The diagram includes photosynthesis, respiration, feeding, decomposition and combustion, plus one complete table-carbon route. Proof: Keep the labelled carbon map. Note adult help with process names or distinguishing carbon from energy. Stop: Stop after drawing two table routes. Do not burn, compost or break a real object.

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Learning resources

Extra practice links — they do not replace Gakuva’s teaching approach.

NASA Climate Kids · Practice link — not the full lesson

What Is Climate Change?

Open practice (new tab)
Before you open · source notes

What Is Climate Change? supports The Carbon Cycle. An adult previews and guides; this is a learning page, not a scored quiz.

Free educational page, no sign-in required for the tested path.

Before you open

Ask the learner one fact they learned and one question they still have.

Opening this link does not save learning or assess mastery.

Source, access and review notes

Public NASA Climate Kids page. An anonymous GET on 2026-11-12 returned HTTP 200 with no login or payment prompt for this URL. Opening the link does not save practice or assess mastery. An adult should preview and guide the learner.

NASA Climate Kids. “What Is Climate Change?.” External page; Gakuva does not copy, host, embed, or redistribute materials.

Unknown — link only

Check understanding

  • Draws or labels a diagram of the carbon cycle showing the main processes
  • Explains how photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
  • Explains how respiration, combustion, and decomposition return carbon dioxide to the atmosphere
  • Discusses how human activities (burning fossil fuels, deforestation) disrupt the carbon cycle
“If your child was asked where the carbon in a wooden table came from originally, could they trace its journey through the carbon cycle — from the atmosphere, through a plant, into the tree, and back out again?”

Curriculum record

Type
Conceptual
Subject
Science
Domain
Ecosystems & Habitats
Age range
Ages 12–13

Standards

ngss-ms:MS-LS2-3uk-nc-2013:KS3.Sci.Bio.Ecosystem.4uk-nc-2013:KS3.Sci.Chem.EA.1