Camouflage can make an organism harder for a predator to detect. An inherited adaptation can spread when its bearers leave more offspring over generations. This is different from one insect changing its body because it needs protection. A predator can still find a camouflaged animal. Safety: No insects, spiders, soot or predator tests. Stop: Stop after the paper comparison; do not use lights to attract moths or stage predator encounters.

Materials: Paper; Pencil; Optional two contrasting pencil colours 1. Draw two large bark panels, one pale and one dark. Put a light moth symbol and a dark moth symbol on each. Label the panels an illustrative visibility model, not a predation test. State which symbol has less contrast on each background. 2. Copy the historical sequence: light and dark peppered-moth forms existed; industrial soot and loss of pale lichens darkened many resting backgrounds; bird predation favoured less-visible dark forms in those settings; inherited dark forms became more common. Draw population arrows, not an arrow turning a light adult into a dark adult. 3. Write a stick-insect card: a long twig-like outline can reduce detection among branches. Sketch a branch and a similar-shaped insect. Name the challenge, the feature and how the feature could help. 4. Compare camouflage with mimicry: an ant-mimicking spider resembles an ant, rather than a twig. Spiders are not insects. One study of great tits found reduced bird attacks on one ant-like spider compared with non-mimicking spiders; do not extend that result to all species or predators. Correct the claim: soot made each moth choose dark wings. Done: Complete two background comparisons, the historical sequence and one stick-insect feature-to-function explanation. Proof: Keep both bark panels and the corrected sentence. Note any adult help with inheritance or the historical order. Stop: Stop after the paper comparison; do not use lights to attract moths or stage predator encounters.