These are bounded opportunities, not learner attainment. Partial and blocked source requirements remain so.

• partial: Explain how pathogens (bacteria, viruses, and fungi) cause disease and describe how the immune system responds, including the roles of white blood cells (phagocytosis, antibody production) and the concept of immunity

  Bounded objective: Explain two immune defences and separate infection from symptoms. Pathogen disease examples are not supplied; that portion remains blocked. No diagnosis, vaccine schedule, individual protection estimate or experiment.

• partial: Distinguishes between bacteria, viruses, and fungi as pathogens with examples of each

  Group distinctions supplied, but specific disease examples absent.

• partial: Explains two ways white blood cells destroy pathogens (engulfing and antibodies)

  Engulfing and antibody production taught and recalled.

• partial: Explains how vaccination works and why it prevents disease

  Vaccine training described with no perfect-protection guarantee or schedule.

• partial: Explains the difference between being infected and being ill

  No-symptoms claim refuted; not diagnosis.

• partial: If {{name}} got a cold, could they explain what type of pathogen caused it, how the immune system tries to fight it off, and why a vaccine for flu won't protect you from all colds?

  Try offers taught-content-recall for the bounded objective; it does not establish every part of the source assessment. Pathogen disease examples are not supplied; that portion remains blocked. No diagnosis, vaccine schedule, individual protection estimate or experiment.

• Pathogen disease examples are not supplied; that portion remains blocked. No diagnosis, vaccine schedule, individual protection estimate or experiment.